According to a report by Monsanto, Paraguay is the most transgenic country considering the surface cultivated with GMOs. This supposes a remarkable development of the productive forces that deeply alter the relations of production with the emergence of new actors and the disappearance of others; the development of new technologies also has consequences on human health, in the intense environmental pollution, and in deforestation of fragile ecosystems. So far this century, large biotechnological corporations that promote the globalized agri-food regime employ technologies suitable for transgenic crops being the most emblematic the RR of the Monsanto that requires economy of scale associated with land concentration and its hoarding and uses pesticides in increasing amounts, a characteristic that makes it self-destructive as a new form of accumulation. While the dominant actors become the representatives of large corporations, soya-based Brazilian agribusiness entrepreneurs depend on those who control technology and markets. The agrarian restructuring also involves the installation and operation of large Brazilian corporations that control the meat industry. Key words: Biotechnology,  Neoextractivism,  Environmental impact, Sustentability,  Paraguay