CONSIDERING REGIONAL POLICIES TOWARDS AGEING THROUGH A GENDERED LENS: THE CASE OF CHINA

CONSIDERING REGIONAL POLICIES TOWARDS AGEING THROUGH A GENDERED LENS: THE CASE OF CHINA

Brazilian Journal of Policy and Development



Datos bibliográficos

Título traducido: : o caso da China
Título de la revista: Brazilian Journal of Policy and Development
Primer autor: Yi-Min Lin
Otros autores: Stuart Gietel-Basten
Palabras clave:
Palabras clave traducidas:
Idioma: Inglés
Enlace del documento: https://www.brjpd.com.br/index.php/brjpd/article/view/12
Tipo de recurso: Documento de revista
Fuente: Brazilian Journal of Policy and Development; Vol 1, No 1 (Año 2019).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52367/BRJPD.2675-102X.2019.1.1.25-44
Entidad editora: Wissen Editora
Derechos de uso: Reconocimiento - NoComercial - SinObraDerivada (by-nc-nd)
Áreas de conocimiento / Materias: Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades --> Administración Pública
Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades --> Humanidades
Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades --> Educación, Disciplinas Científicas

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Documentos citados: ADB. 2017. “Strengthening Public Pensions and Health Coverage in the Pacific, Proceedings of the 2016 ADB-FNPF-PPI Forum on Public Pension Systems in Asia, Focus: Pacific Region.” Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/237441/strengthening-pension-systems- 2017-online.pdf.

Aksi, Adb-Prc. 2018. “‘Developing Healthy and Age Friendly Cities in the PRC: From Planning to Practice.’” ADB-PRC Regional Knowledge Sharing Initiative. 2018. http://www.rksi.org/event/developing-healthy-and-age-friendly-cities-prc-planning-practice.

Basten, Stuart, and Quanbao Jiang. 2014. “China’s Family Planning Policies: Recent Reforms and Future Prospects.” Studies in Family Planning 45 (4): 493–509.

Bergdahl, Ellinor, Per Allard, Lena Alex, Berit Lundman, and Yngve Gustafson. 2007. “Gender Differences in Depression among the Very Old.” International Psychogeriatrics / IPA 19 (6): 1125–40.

Branigan, Tanya. 2012. “China Faces ‘Timebomb’ of Ageing Population.” The Guardian, 2012. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/20/china-next-generation-ageing-population.

Cai, Yong. 2013. “China’s New Demographic Reality: Learning from the 2010 Census.” Population and Development Review 39 (3): 371–96.

Cai, Yong, and Yuan Cheng. 2014. “Pension Reform in China: Challenges and Opportunities.” Journal of Economic Surveys 28 (4): 636–51.

Chan, Chak Kwan. 2003. “Protecting the Ageing Poor or Strengthening the Market Economy: The Case of the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund.” International Journal of Social Welfare 12 (2): 123–31.

Chi, Z., Z. X. Dong, W. X. Lei, Z. W. Jun, L. Lu, and T. Hesketh. 2013. “Changing Gender Preference in China Today: Implications for the Sex Ratio.” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 20 (1): 51–68.

Corsi, Marcella, and L. Samek. 2011. “Active Ageing and Gender Equality Policies.” EGGSI Repor T for the European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs, and Equal Opportunities, Brussels. http://www.sinisazrinscak.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/EU- Active-Ageing-+-Gender-Report-2010.pdf.

Ding, Q. J., and T. Hesketh. 2006. “Family Size, Fertility Preferences, and Sex Ratio in China in the Era of the One Child Family Policy: Results from National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey.” BMJ 333 (7564): 371–73.

Du, Hui, Shun-Le Chen, Chun-De Bao, Xiao-Dong Wang, Yu Lu, Yue-Ying Gu, Jian-Rong Xu, et al. 2005. “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Huang-Pu District, Shanghai, China.” Rheumatology International 25 (8): 585–90.

Du, Peng, and Hui Yang. 2010. “China’s Population Ageing and Active Ageing.” China Journal of Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2010.492636.

Eggleston, K., and S. Tuljapurkar, eds. 2010. Aging Asia: The Economic and Social Implications of Rapid Demographic Change in China, Japan, and South Korea. Stanford, CA: APARC Books.

Fang, Evandro Fei, Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, Heiko J. Jahn, Juan Li, Li Ling, Hongwei Guo,Xinqiang Zhu, et al. 2015. “A Research Agenda for Aging in China in the 21st Century.”Ageing Research Reviews 24 (Pt B): 197–205.

Festini, F., and M. de Martino. 2004. “Twenty Five Years of the One Child Family Policy in China: Problems and Future Prospects.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 58 (5): 358–59.

Fitzgerald, Kelly G., and Francis G. Caro. 2014. “An Overview of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities around the World.” Journal of Aging & Social Policy 26 (1-2): 1–18.

Foster, Liam, and Alan Walker. 2013. “Gender and Active Ageing in Europe.” European Journal of Ageing 10 (1): 3–10.

Ghislandi, Simone, Warren C. Sanderson, and Sergei Scherbov. 2019. “A Simple Measure of Human Development: The Human Life Indicator.” Population and Development Review 45(1): 219–33.

Gietel-Basten, Stuart. 2017. “Family Planning and Fertility Transition in China.” In Handbook on the Family and Marriage in China, edited by Xiaowei Zang and Lucy X. Zhao, 187–203. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Gietel-Basten, Stuart, Vladimir Mau, Warren Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, and Sergey Shulgin. 2019. “Ageing in Russia: A Regional Appraisal.” Journal of Population Ageing EarlyView: 1–18.

Gorlin, Yuriy M., Victor Yu Lyashok, and Tatiana M. Maleva. 2018. “Pension Age Increase: Positive Effects and the Possible Risks.” Economic Policy 1: 148–79.

Jacobson, Stacy D., and Lynn C. Hartmann. 2004. “108 - Cancer Management in Older Women.” In Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, edited by Marianne J. Legato, 1171–85. San Diego: Academic Press.

Jiang, Quanbao, Xiaomin Li, and Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte. 2015. “Elderly Widowhood in China.” Asian Population Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2014.981328.

Jiang, Quanbao, and Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte. 2011. “Bare Branches and Social Stability: A Historical Perspective from China.” Frontiers of History in China 6 (4): 538–61.

Jin, Xiaoyi, Lige Liu, Yan Li, Marcus W. Feldman, and Shuzhuo Li. 2013. “‘Bare Branches’ and the Marriage Market in Rural China: Preliminary Evidence from a Village-Level Survey.”Chinese Sociological Review 46 (1): 83–104.

Kaneda, Toshiko, Zachary Zimmer, Xianghua Fang, and Zhe Tang. 2009. “Gender Differences in Functional Health and Mortality Among the Chinese Elderly: Testing an Exposure Versus Vulnerability Hypothesis.” Research on Aging 31 (3): 361–88.

Krekula, Clary. 2007. “The Intersection of Age and Gender Reworking Gender Theory and Social Gerontology.” Current Sociology International Sociological Association SAGE 55 (2): 155–71.

Lee, Ronald Demos, and Andrew Mason. 2012. Population Aging and the Generational Economy : A Global Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Legato, Marianne J., and John P. Bilezikian. 2004. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Gulf Professional Publishing.

Liao, George. 2018. “MOI: Taiwan Officially Becomes an Aged Societ... | Taiwan News.” Taiwan News. Taiwan News. April 10, 2018. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3402395.

Li, Kanglan, Shouchao Wei, Zhou Liu, Li Hu, Jiajing Lin, Shiting Tan, Yingren Mai, et al. 2018. “The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.” Iranian Journal of Public Health 47 (11): 1615–26.

Lin, Jing. 2017. “Social Security under Decentralized Authoritarianism: Politics of The Public Pension Program in China.” PhD, University of Syracuse. https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1722&context=etd.

Lin, Ming-Hsien, Ming-Yueh Chou, Chih-Kuang Liang, Li-Ning Peng, and Liang-Kung Chen. 2010. “Population Aging and Its Impacts: Strategies of the Health-Care System in Taipei.” Ageing Research Reviews 9 Suppl 1 (November): S23–27.

Li, Xin, Li Fan, and Sean X. Leng. 2018. “The Aging Tsunami and Senior Healthcare Development in China.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 66 (8): 1462–68. Ma, A. 1986. “An Evaluation on the Quality of the Data of the 1982 Population Census of China.” https://www.popline.org/node/348719.

Meiko, Makita. 2010. “Gender Roles and Social Policy in an Ageing Society: The Case of Japan.” International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.105177.

Melton, L. J., A. W. Lane, C. Cooper, R. Eastell, W. M. O’Fallon, and B. L. Riggs. 1993. “Prevalence and Incidence of Vertebral Deformities.” Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 3 (3): 113–19.

Naegele, Gerhard, and Alan Walker. 2007. “Social Protection: Incomes, Poverty and the Reform of Pension Systems.” Ageing in Society 3: 142–66.

O’connor, S. 2014. “World Will Have 13 ‘super-Aged’ Nations by 2020.” Financial Times, August 6, 2014. https://www.ft.com/content/f356f8a0-1d8c-11e4-8f0c-00144feabdc0.

Oksanen, Heikki. 2010. “The Chinese Pension System - First Results on Assessing the Reform Options.” European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015.

Peng, Du, and Zhi-Gang Guo. 2000. “Population Ageing in China.” In Ageing in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Policies, and Future Trends, edited by David R. Phillips, 194–209. London: Routledge.

Population Reference Bureau. 2009. “Gender Differences in Health Among the Elderly in China –.” PRB. June 17, 2009. https://www.prb.org/chinaelderlyhealth/.

Shehan, Constance L., ed. 2016. “Widowhood.” In Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 125:1–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Shinkawa, Toshimitsu. 2005. “The Politics of Pension Reform in Japan: Institutional Legacies, Credit-Claiming, and Blame Avoidance.” Ageing and Pension Reform around the World: Evidence from Eleven Countries, 157–81.

Smith, J., and M. M. Baltes. 1998. “The Role of Gender in Very Old Age: Profiles of Functioning and Everyday Life Patterns.” Psychology and Aging 13 (4): 676–95.

Smits, Jeroen, and Iñaki Permanyer. 2019. “The Subnational Human Development Database.” Scientific Data 6 (March): 190038.

Song, Yan, and Ying Bian. 2014. “Gender Differences in the Use of Health Care in China: Cross-Sectional Analysis.” International Journal for Equity in Health 13 (January): 8.

Steels, Stephanie. 2015. “Key Characteristics of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: A Review.” Cities 47 (September): 45–52.

Suzuki, Toru. 2013. Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia. Dordrecht: Springer.

UNPD. 2017. “World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision.” World Population Prospects:

The 2017 Revision. 2017.

———. 2019. “World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision.” World Population Prospects

2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/.

Walker, A., and C. Aspalter. 2014. Active Ageing in Asia. London: Routledge.

Wang, Dewen, Jianmin Zheng, Michiko Kurosawa, and Yutaka Inaba. 2009. “Relationships between Age and Gender Differentials in Health among Older People in China.” Ageing & Society 29 (7): 1141–54.

Wang, F., Y. Cai, K. Shen, and S. Gietel-Basten. 2018. “Is Demography Just a Numerical

Exercise? Numbers, Politics, and Legacies of China’s One Child Policy.” Demography 55 (2): 693–719.

Wang, Guoying, Xiujun Zhang, Kai Wang, Youhai Li, Qiong Shen, Xiaojiao Ge, and Wei Hang. 2011. “Loneliness among the Rural Older People in Anhui, China: Prevalence and Associated Factors.” International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26 (11): 1162–68. Wang, Yi, Ernest Gonzales, and Nancy Morrow-Howell. 2017. “Applying WHO’s Age-Friendly Communities Framework to a National Survey in China.” Journal of Gerontological Social Work 60 (3): 215–31.

World Bank. n.d. “World Bank Report Offers Options for Elderly Care in China.” World Bank. Accessed July 10, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/12/13/world-bank-report-offers-options-for-elderly-care-in-china. World Health Organization. 2007. Global Age-Friendly Cities: A Guide. World Health Organization.

Xu, Jie, Zheng Wu, Christoph M. Schimmele, and Shuzhuo Li. 2019. “Widowhood and Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Older Persons in Rural China.” Aging & Mental Health, February, 1–9.

Yi, Zeng. 2008. “Reliability of Age Reporting Among the Chinese Oldest-Old in the CLHLS Datasets.” In Healthy Longevity in China: Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Dimensions, edited by Zeng Yi, Dudley L. Poston, Denese Ashbaugh Vlosky, and DananGu, 61–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Yu, M. Y., and R. Sarri. 1997. “Women’s Health Status and Gender Inequality in China.” Social Science & Medicine 45 (12): 1885–98.

Zhan, Heying Jenny, and Rhonda J. V. Montgomery. 2003. “Gender And Elder Care In China: The Influence of Filial Piety and Structural Constraints.” Gender & Society: Official Publication of Sociologists for Women in Society 17 (2): 209–29.

Shinkawa, Toshimitsu. 2005. “The Politics of Pension Reform in Japan: Institutional Legacies, Credit-Claiming, and Blame Avoidance.” Ageing and Pension Reform around the World: Evidence from Eleven Countries, 157–81.

Shehan, Constance L., ed. 2016. “Widowhood.” In Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 125:1–5. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Population Reference Bureau. 2009. “Gender Differences in Health Among the Elderly in China –.” PRB. June 17, 2009. https://www.prb.org/chinaelderlyhealth/.

Peng, Du, and Zhi-Gang Guo. 2000. “Population Ageing in China.” In Ageing in the Asia-Pacific Region: Issues, Policies, and Future Trends, edited by David R. Phillips, 194–209. London: Routledge.

Oksanen, Heikki. 2010. “The Chinese Pension System - First Results on Assessing the Reform Options.” European Economy - Economic Papers 2008 - 2015.

Smith, J., and M. M. Baltes. 1998. “The Role of Gender in Very Old Age: Profiles of Functioning and Everyday Life Patterns.” Psychology and Aging 13 (4): 676–95.

Naegele, Gerhard, and Alan Walker. 2007. “Social Protection: Incomes, Poverty and the Reform of Pension Systems.” Ageing in Society 3: 142–66.

Meiko, Makita. 2010. “Gender Roles and Social Policy in an Ageing Society: The Case of Japan.” International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.105177.

Lin, Ming-Hsien, Ming-Yueh Chou, Chih-Kuang Liang, Li-Ning Peng, and Liang-Kung Chen. 2010. “Population Aging and Its Impacts: Strategies of the Health-Care System in Taipei.” Ageing Research Reviews 9 Suppl 1 (November): S23–27.

Lin, Jing. 2017. “Social Security under Decentralized Authoritarianism: Politics of The Public Pension Program in China.” PhD, University of Syracuse. https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1722&context=etd.

Li, Kanglan, Shouchao Wei, Zhou Liu, Li Hu, Jiajing Lin, Shiting Tan, Yingren Mai, et al. 2018. “The Prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease in China: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis.” Iranian Journal of Public Health 47 (11): 1615–26.

Melton, L. J., A. W. Lane, C. Cooper, R. Eastell, W. M. O’Fallon, and B. L. Riggs. 1993. “Prevalence and Incidence of Vertebral Deformities.” Osteoporosis International: A Journal Established as Result of Cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 3 (3): 113–19.

Smits, Jeroen, and In?aki Permanyer. 2019. “The Subnational Human Development Database.” Scientific Data 6 (March): 190038.

Song, Yan, and Ying Bian. 2014. “Gender Differences in the Use of Health Care in China: Cross-Sectional Analysis.” International Journal for Equity in Health 13 (January): 8.

Steels, Stephanie. 2015. “Key Characteristics of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: A Review.” Cities 47 (September): 45–52.

Yu, M. Y., and R. Sarri. 1997. “Women’s Health Status and Gender Inequality in China.” Social Science & Medicine 45 (12): 1885–98.

Yi, Zeng. 2008. “Reliability of Age Reporting Among the Chinese Oldest-Old in the CLHLS Datasets.” In Healthy Longevity in China: Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Psychological Dimensions, edited by Zeng Yi, Dudley L. Poston, Denese Ashbaugh Vlosky, and DananGu, 61–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Xu, Jie, Zheng Wu, Christoph M. Schimmele, and Shuzhuo Li. 2019. “Widowhood and Depression: A Longitudinal Study of Older Persons in Rural China.” Aging & Mental Health, February, 1–9.

World Bank. n.d. “World Bank Report Offers Options for Elderly Care in China.” World Bank. Accessed July 10, 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2018/12/13/world-bank-report-offers-options-for-elderly-care-in-china. World Health Organization. 2007. Global Age-Friendly Cities: A Guide. World Health Organization.

Exercise? Numbers, Politics, and Legacies of China’s One Child Policy.” Demography 55 (2): 693–719.

Wang, F., Y. Cai, K. Shen, and S. Gietel-Basten. 2018. “Is Demography Just a Numerical

Walker, A., and C. Aspalter. 2014. Active Ageing in Asia. London: Routledge.

2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/.

———. 2019. “World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision.” World Population Prospects

The 2017 Revision. 2017.

UNPD. 2017. “World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision.” World Population Prospects:

Torres-Gil, Fernando M., and Kimberly Spencer-Suarez. 2014. “18. Aging Electorates and Gerontocracy: The Politics of Aging in a Global World.” International Handbook on Ageing and Public Policy, 227.

Suzuki, Toru. 2013. Low Fertility and Population Aging in Japan and Eastern Asia. Dordrecht: Springer.

Liao, George. 2018. “MOI: Taiwan Officially Becomes an Aged Societ... | Taiwan News.” Taiwan News. Taiwan News. April 10, 2018. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3402395.

Legato, Marianne J., and John P. Bilezikian. 2004. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Gulf Professional Publishing.

Lee, Ronald Demos, and Andrew Mason. 2012. Population Aging and the Generational Economy : A Global Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Krekula, Clary. 2007. “The Intersection of Age and Gender Reworking Gender Theory and Social Gerontology.” Current Sociology International Sociological Association SAGE 55 (2): 155–71.

Eggleston, K., and S. Tuljapurkar, eds. 2010. Aging Asia: The Economic and Social Implications of Rapid Demographic Change in China, Japan, and South Korea. Stanford, CA: APARC Books.

Du, Peng, and Hui Yang. 2010. “China’s Population Ageing and Active Ageing.” China Journal of Social Work. https://doi.org/10.1080/17525098.2010.492636.

Du, Hui, Shun-Le Chen, Chun-De Bao, Xiao-Dong Wang, Yu Lu, Yue-Ying Gu, Jian-Rong Xu, et al. 2005. “Prevalence and Risk Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis in Huang-Pu District, Shanghai, China.” Rheumatology International 25 (8): 585–90.

Corsi, Marcella, and L. Samek. 2011. “Active Ageing and Gender Equality Policies.” EGGSI Repor T for the European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs, and Equal Opportunities, Brussels. http://www.sinisazrinscak.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/EU- Active-Ageing-+-Gender-Report-2010.pdf.

Chan, Chak Kwan. 2003. “Protecting the Ageing Poor or Strengthening the Market Economy: The Case of the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund.” International Journal of Social Welfare 12 (2): 123–31.

Cai, Yong, and Yuan Cheng. 2014. “Pension Reform in China: Challenges and Opportunities.” Journal of Economic Surveys 28 (4): 636–51.

Cai, Yong. 2013. “China’s New Demographic Reality: Learning from the 2010 Census.” Population and Development Review 39 (3): 371–96.

Branigan, Tanya. 2012. “China Faces ‘Timebomb’ of Ageing Population.” The Guardian, 2012. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/20/china-next-generation-ageing-population.

Bergdahl, Ellinor, Per Allard, Lena Alex, Berit Lundman, and Yngve Gustafson. 2007. “Gender Differences in Depression among the Very Old.” International Psychogeriatrics / IPA 19 (6): 1125–40.

Basten, Stuart, and Quanbao Jiang. 2014. “China’s Family Planning Policies: Recent Reforms and Future Prospects.” Studies in Family Planning 45 (4): 493–509.

Aksi, Adb-Prc. 2018. “‘Developing Healthy and Age Friendly Cities in the PRC: From Planning to Practice.’” ADB-PRC Regional Knowledge Sharing Initiative. 2018. http://www.rksi.org/event/developing-healthy-and-age-friendly-cities-prc-planning-practice.

ADB. 2017. “Strengthening Public Pensions and Health Coverage in the Pacific, Proceedings of the 2016 ADB-FNPF-PPI Forum on Public Pension Systems in Asia, Focus: Pacific Region.” Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/237441/strengthening-pension-systems- 2017-online.pdf.

Fang, Evandro Fei, Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, Heiko J. Jahn, Juan Li, Li Ling, Hongwei Guo,Xinqiang Zhu, et al. 2015. “A Research Agenda for Aging in China in the 21st Century.”Ageing Research Reviews 24 (Pt B): 197–205.

Festini, F., and M. de Martino. 2004. “Twenty Five Years of the One Child Family Policy in China: Problems and Future Prospects.” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 58 (5): 358–59.

Foster, Liam, and Alan Walker. 2013. “Gender and Active Ageing in Europe.” European Journal of Ageing 10 (1): 3–10.

Kaneda, Toshiko, Zachary Zimmer, Xianghua Fang, and Zhe Tang. 2009. “Gender Differences in Functional Health and Mortality Among the Chinese Elderly: Testing an Exposure Versus Vulnerability Hypothesis.” Research on Aging 31 (3): 361–88.

Jiang, Quanbao, and Jesu?s J. Sa?nchez-Barricarte. 2011. “Bare Branches and Social Stability: A Historical Perspective from China.” Frontiers of History in China 6 (4): 538–61.

Jiang, Quanbao, Xiaomin Li, and Jesu?s J. Sa?nchez-Barricarte. 2015. “Elderly Widowhood in China.” Asian Population Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2014.981328.

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Holz, Carsten A., and Yi-Min Lin. 2001. “Pitfalls of China’s Industrial Statistics: Inconsistencies and Specification Problems.” China Review 1 (1): 29–71.

Helsing, K. J., M. Szklo, and G. W. Comstock. 1981. “Factors Associated with Mortality after Widowhood.” American Journal of Public Health 71 (8): 802–9.

Gorlin, Yuriy M., Victor Yu Lyashok, and Tatiana M. Maleva. 2018. “Pension Age Increase: Positive Effects and the Possible Risks.” Economic Policy 1: 148–79.

Gietel-Basten, Stuart, Vladimir Mau, Warren Sanderson, Sergei Scherbov, and Sergey Shulgin. 2019. “Ageing in Russia: A Regional Appraisal.” Journal of Population Ageing EarlyView: 1–18.

Gietel-Basten, Stuart. 2017. “Family Planning and Fertility Transition in China.” In Handbook on the Family and Marriage in China, edited by Xiaowei Zang and Lucy X. Zhao, 187–203. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Ghislandi, Simone, Warren C. Sanderson, and Sergei Scherbov. 2019. “A Simple Measure of Human Development: The Human Life Indicator.” Population and Development Review 45(1): 219–33.

Fitzgerald, Kelly G., and Francis G. Caro. 2014. “An Overview of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities around the World.” Journal of Aging & Social Policy 26 (1-2): 1–18.

Zhan, Heying Jenny, and Rhonda J. V. Montgomery. 2003. “Gender And Elder Care In China: The Influence of Filial Piety and Structural Constraints.” Gender & Society: Official Publication of Sociologists for Women in Society 17 (2): 209–29.